ABSTRACT
This study is to explore the possible mechanisms of the antidepressant-like effect of agmatine. By using two traditional "behavior despair" model, tail suspension test and forced swimming test, we examined the effects of some monoamine receptor antagonists (including beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol, beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist/5-HT1A/1B receptor antagonist pindolol, alpha2-adrenergic receptor antagonists yohimbine and idazoxan and 5-HT3 receptor antagonist tropisetron) on the antidepressant-like action of agmatine in mice. Activity of adenylate cyclase (AC) in the synapse membrane from rat frontal cortex was determined by radioimmunoassay. Single dose of agmatine (5-40 mg x kg(-1), ig) dose-dependently decrease the immobility time in tail suspension test in mice, indicating an antidepressant-like effect. The effect of agmatine (40 mg x kg(-1), ig) was antagonized by co-administration of beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist/5-HT1A/1B receptor antagonist pindolol (20 mg x kg(-1), ip), alpha2-adrenergic receptor antagonists yohimbine (5-10 mg x kg(-1), ip) or idazoxan (4 mg x kg(-1), ip), but not beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol (5-20 mg x kg(-1), ip) and 5-HT3 receptor antagonist tropisetron (5-40 mg x kg(-1), ip). Agmatine (5-40 mg x kg(-1), ig) also dose-dependently decrease the immobility time in forced swimming test in mice. The effect of agmatine (40 mg x kg(-1), ig) was also antagonized by pindolol (20 mg x kg(-1), ip), yohimbine (5-10 mg x kg(-1), ip), or idazoxan (4 mg x kg(-1), ip). Incubation of agmatine (0.1-6.4 micromol x L(-1)) with the synaptic membrane extracted from rat frontal cortex activated the AC in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. While the effect of agmatine (6.4 micromol x L(-1)) was dose-dependently antagonized by pindolol (1 micromol x L(-1)) or yohimbine (0.25-1 micromol x L(-1)). Chronic treatment with agmatine (10 mg x kg(-1), ig, bid, 2 w) or fluoxetine (10 mg x kg(-1), ig, bid, 2 w) increased the basic activity, as well as the Gpp (NH)p (1-100 micromol x L(-1)) stimulated AC activity in rat prefrontal cortex. These results indicate that regulation on 5-HT1A/1B and alpha2 receptors, and activation AC in the frontal cortex is one of the important mechanisms involving in agmatine's antidepressant-like action.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Rats , Adenylyl Cyclases , Metabolism , Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists , Pharmacology , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists , Pharmacology , Agmatine , Pharmacology , Antidepressive Agents , Pharmacology , Behavior, Animal , Depression , Metabolism , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Fenclonine , Pharmacology , Idazoxan , Pharmacology , Pindolol , Pharmacology , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Receptors, Biogenic Amine , Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptor Antagonists , Swimming , Synapses , Yohimbine , PharmacologyABSTRACT
The common mechanism of action of most tricyclic antidepressants is the inhibition of the reuptake of the biogenic amines norepinephrine, serotonin and dopamine. Another postulated mechanism of action for most is the down-regulation of beta-adrenergic receptors post-synaptically and [alpha]2 heteroreceptors on 5-HT terminals. Other produce down-regulation of 5-HT1and 5-HT2 receptors. Neither of these mechanisms fully account for a common antidepressant mechanism of action. Is it possible to unify these hypotheses of antidepressant action